Шет тілін оқытуда лексикалық дағдыларды дамыту мақаласы

UDK 81.2:378.1

THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEXICAL SKILLS IN THE PROCESS OF LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN SECONDARY SCHOOL

Наубетова Д.

Университет«Мирас»,г.Шымкент, Казахстан

Түйін: Мақалада шет тілін үйрену барысында орта мектеп оқушыларының лексикалық дағдыларын дамыту мәселелері қарастырылған. Тақырыптық оқыту, сөздердің контексттік қолданылуы, интерактивті ойындар және цифрлық технологиялар секілді түрлі оқыту әдістері талқыланады. Жаңа сөздерді меңгеру барысында кездесетін қиындықтарға, соның ішінде сөздерді ұмыту мен аударма кезінде жіберілетін қателіктерге ерекше назар аударылады. Мақалада бұл қиындықтарды жеңудің жолдары ұсынылып, сөздік қорды белсенді түрде қолданудың және оны әртүрлі контекстерде пайдаланудың шет тілін тиімді меңгерудегі маңызы атап өтілген.

Резюме: Статья посвящена развитию лексических навыков у учащихся средней школы в процессе изучения иностранного языка. Рассматриваются различные методы обучения, такие как тематическое обучение, контекстное использование, интерактивные игры и цифровые технологии. Особое внимание уделяется проблемам, с которыми сталкиваются учащиеся при изучении новых слов, включая забывание лексики и ошибки при переводе. В статье предложены пути преодоления этих трудностей, подчеркивается важность активного использования словарного запаса в речи и применении его в разных контекстах для успешного овладения иностранным языком.

Learning a foreign language in secondary school is an integral part of the educational process, contributing significantly to the development of students’ communicative competence. Vocabulary plays a central role in language acquisition because it serves as the foundation for expressing thoughts, understanding spoken and written language, and participating in conversations. Without a sufficient vocabulary, it is nearly impossible to communicate effectively.

The challenge in learning a foreign language lies in helping students not only memorize new words but also use them correctly and confidently in various real-life situations. Vocabulary learning requires diverse methods and a structured approach, as students need to be guided in recognizing, understanding, and practicing new words in different contexts [1].

Lexical skills are the abilities related to the acquisition, understanding, and usage of words in a language. These skills include:

- Recognizing and recalling words. The process of learning a new word and being able to recognize and recall it when needed.

- Contextual understanding. Knowing when and how to use words correctly in different situations [2].

- Word formation. Understanding how words can be formed or derived from other words, enabling students to expand their vocabulary by recognizing patterns.

The process of developing lexical skills can be divided into several stages:

Passive learning. At this stage, students are introduced to new vocabulary. They may not use these words actively yet but are becoming familiar with their meanings.

Active use. In this stage, students begin to actively use the new words in speech and writing, applying them in classroom activities and real-life situations.

Contextual application. Students learn to use vocabulary in various contexts, improving their ability to choose the right words depending on the situation or conversation topic.

Methods for Developing Lexical Skills

In secondary school, vocabulary learning is a key aspect of language acquisition. There are several effective methods that can be used to enhance students’ lexical skills.

Таблица 1.

Method

Description

Examples of Use

Thematic Learning

Learning vocabulary in thematic blocks helps students to organize and relate new words to everyday life, making them easier to understand and remember[1].

Learning vocabulary related to specific themes like "Food," "Travel," or "School."

Contextual Learning

Teaching vocabulary through context allows students to understand how the meaning of words can change based on usage. This helps them apply words correctly in different situations [2].

Reading authentic texts, practicing dialogues, analyzing contexts.

Interactive Methods

Using interactive and game-based methods makes vocabulary learning more engaging and less monotonous, encouraging active participation [3].