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United States United States

 The United States of America (commonly referred to as the The United States of America (commonly referred to as the

United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal

constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal

district. The country is situated mostly in central North district. The country is situated mostly in central North

America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific

and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and

Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of

the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west

across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago

in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several

territories in the Caribbean and Pacific. territories in the Caribbean and Pacific. At 3.79 million square At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with about 309 million people, the miles (9.83 million km2) and with about 309 million people, the

United States is the third or fourth largest country by total United States is the third or fourth largest country by total

area, and the third largest both by land area and population. It area, and the third largest both by land area and population. It

is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural

nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many

countries.[7 The U.S. economy is the largest national economy countries.[7 The U.S. economy is the largest national economy

in the world, with an estimated 2008 gross domestic product in the world, with an estimated 2008 gross domestic product

(GDP) of US $14.4 trillion (a quarter of nominal global GDP and (GDP) of US $14.4 trillion (a quarter of nominal global GDP and

a fifth of global GDP at purchasing power parity a fifth of global GDP at purchasing power parity. . Indigenous Indigenous peoples of Asian origin have inhabited what is now the peoples of Asian origin have inhabited what is now the

mainland United States for many thousands of years. This mainland United States for many thousands of years. This

Native American population was greatly reduced by disease Native American population was greatly reduced by disease

and warfare after European contact. The United States was and warfare after European contact. The United States was

founded by thirteen British colonies located along the Atlantic founded by thirteen British colonies located along the Atlantic

seaboard. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of seaboard. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of

Independence, which proclaimed their right to self- Independence, which proclaimed their right to self- determination and their establishment of a cooperative union. determination and their establishment of a cooperative union.

The rebellious states defeated Great Britain in the American The rebellious states defeated Great Britain in the American

Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of

independence.[9] The Philadelphia Convention adopted the independence.[9] The Philadelphia Convention adopted the

current United States Constitution on September 17, 1787; its current United States Constitution on September 17, 1787; its

ratification the following year made the states part of a single ratification the following year made the states part of a single

republic with a strong central government. The Bill of Rights, republic with a strong central government. The Bill of Rights,

comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many

fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791. fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.

Geography, climate, and Geography, climate, and

environment environment

 The land area of the contiguous United States is approximately 1.9 The land area of the contiguous United States is approximately 1.9

billion acres (770 million hectares). Alaska, separated from the billion acres (770 million hectares). Alaska, separated from the

contiguous United States by Canada, is the largest state at 365 million contiguous United States by Canada, is the largest state at 365 million

acres (150 million hectares). Hawaii, occupying an archipelago in the acres (150 million hectares). Hawaii, occupying an archipelago in the

central Pacific, southwest of North America, has just over 4 million acres central Pacific, southwest of North America, has just over 4 million acres

(1.6 million hectares).[16] After Russia and Canada, the United States is (1.6 million hectares).[16] After Russia and Canada, the United States is

the world's third or fourth largest nation by total area, ranking just the world's third or fourth largest nation by total area, ranking just

above or below China. The ranking varies depending on how two above or below China. The ranking varies depending on how two

territories disputed by China and India are counted and how the total territories disputed by China and India are counted and how the total

size of the United States is calculated: the CIA World Factbook gives size of the United States is calculated: the CIA World Factbook gives

3,794,101 square miles (9,826,675 km2),[1] the United Nations 3,794,101 square miles (9,826,675 km2),[1] the United Nations

Statistics Division gives 3,717,813 sq mi (9,629,091 km2), and the Statistics Division gives 3,717,813 sq mi (9,629,091 km2), and the

Encyclopedia Britannica gives 3,676,486 sq mi (9,522,055 km2).[18] Encyclopedia Britannica gives 3,676,486 sq mi (9,522,055 km2).[18]

Including only land area, the United States is third in size behind Russia Including only land area, the United States is third in size behind Russia

and China, just ahead of Canada. The Teton Range, part of the Rocky and China, just ahead of Canada. The Teton Range, part of the Rocky

Mountains Mountains. . The coastal plain of the Atlantic seaboard gives way further The coastal plain of the Atlantic seaboard gives way further inland to deciduous forests and the rolling hills of the Piedmont. The inland to deciduous forests and the rolling hills of the Piedmont. The

Appalachian Mountains divide the eastern seaboard from the Great Appalachian Mountains divide the eastern seaboard from the Great

Lakes and the grasslands of the Midwest. The Mississippi–Missouri River, Lakes and the grasslands of the Midwest. The Mississippi–Missouri River,

the world's fourth longest river system, runs mainly north–south through the world's fourth longest river system, runs mainly north–south through

the heart of the country. The flat, fertile prairie of the Great Plains the heart of the country. The flat, fertile prairie of the Great Plains

stretches to the west, interrupted by a highland region in the southeast. stretches to the west, interrupted by a highland region in the southeast.

The Rocky Mountains, at the western edge of the Great Plains, extend The Rocky Mountains, at the western edge of the Great Plains, extend

north to south across the country, reaching altitudes higher than 14,000 north to south across the country, reaching altitudes higher than 14,000

feet (4,300 m) in Colorado. Farther west are the rocky Great Basin and feet (4,300 m) in Colorado. Farther west are the rocky Great Basin and

deserts such as the Mojave. The Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain deserts such as the Mojave. The Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain

ranges run close to the Pacific coast. At 20,320 feet (6,194 m), Alaska's ranges run close to the Pacific coast. At 20,320 feet (6,194 m), Alaska's

Mount McKinley is the tallest peak in the country and in North America. Mount McKinley is the tallest peak in the country and in North America.

Active volcanoes are common throughout Alaska's Alexander and Active volcanoes are common throughout Alaska's Alexander and

Aleutian Islands, and Hawaii consists of volcanic islands. The Aleutian Islands, and Hawaii consists of volcanic islands. The

supervolcano underlying Yellowstone National Park in the Rockies is the supervolcano underlying Yellowstone National Park in the Rockies is the

continent's largest volcanic feature. continent's largest volcanic feature.

Independence and expansion Independence and expansion

 Tensions between American colonials and the British during the revolutionary period of the 1760s Tensions between American colonials and the British during the revolutionary period of the 1760s

and early 1770s led to the American Revolutionary War, fought from 1775 through 1781. On June and early 1770s led to the American Revolutionary War, fought from 1775 through 1781. On June

14, 1775, the Continental Congress, convening in Philadelphia, established a Continental Army 14, 1775, the Continental Congress, convening in Philadelphia, established a Continental Army