Қашықтан оқыту және цифрлық технологиялардың мүмкіндігі

DISTANCE LEARNING. CONCEPT AND MEANING, THE PROSPECT OF USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES".

Байтугелова Салтанат Бериковна, Общеобразовательная средняя школа № 72 имени Сагадата Нурмагамбетова город Шымкент

Content:

Introduction

History of the development of distance learning

Distance learning forms

Integration of DL and other forms of education

Benefits of Distance Education

Literature

Introduction

Distance learning (DL) is a set of technologies that ensure the delivery of the bulk of the studied material to the learners, the interactive interaction of learners and teachers in the learning process, providing learners with the opportunity to independently work on mastering the material being studied, as well as in the learning process.

Modern distance learning is based on the use of the following basic elements: information transmission media (mail, television, radio, information communication networks), methods depending on the technical environment of information exchange. Currently, interactive interaction with a student through information communication networks, from which the environment of Internet users is massively allocated, is promising. In 2003, the ADL initiative group began developing the SCORM distance interactive learning standard, which assumes the widespread use of Internet technologies.

The introduction of standards contributes to both the deepening of the requirements for the composition of distance learning, and the requirements for software. Currently, there are domestic software developments that are widely used by both domestic and foreign organizations that provide distance learning services.

Distance learning claims to be a special form of education (along with fulltime, part-time, evening, external studies). Using distance learning technologies allows:

-reduce the cost of training (no cost of renting premises,

-travel to the place of study, both students and teachers, etc.);

-train a large number of people;

-improve the quality of education through the use of modern tools, voluminous electronic libraries,

-create a unified educational environment (especially important for corporate training.

Distance learning is a modernized distance learning, plus communication with the teacher via the Internet. In the process of learning, you receive educational materials and assignments on your computer, perform tests and tests and send them to the teacher. You know your teacher and methodologist, you can ask them questions and get answers to them in a timely manner.

Distance learning is playing an increasing role in the modernization of education.

1. History of the development of distance learning

In Europe at the end of the 18th century, with the advent of a regular and accessible postal service, "correspondent training" arose. Students received educational materials by mail, corresponded with teachers and passed exams to a trusted person or in the form of scientific work. In Russia, this method appeared at the end of the 19th century. The beginning of the 20th century is characterized by rapid technological growth, the presence of the telegraph and telephone. But there are no reliable facts about their use in teaching. At the same time, the era of "correspondence education" continues, many universities around the world have been and are still leading it. The advent of radio and television has changed distance learning methods. It was a significant breakthrough, the audience of the training increased hundreds of times. Many people still remember the educational television programs that were broadcast since the 50s. However, television and radio had a significant drawback - the student did not have the opportunity to receive feedback. In 1969 the first distance education university in the world, the Open University of Great Britain, was opened in the UK, it was named so as t

In the late 1980s, the availability of personal computers offered new hope in simplifying and automating learning. Computer training programs appeared on the first computers in the form of various games. In 1988 the Soviet-American project "School E-mail" was implemented. The pioneers of satellite technologies for distance learning in the 1990s were the Knowledge International Association and its collective member, the Modern Academy for the Humanities. In Russia, the date of the official development of distance learning can be considered May 30, 1997, when the order № 1050 of the Ministry of Education of Russia was issued, which allows conducting an experiment of distance learning in education. In the 21st century, the availability of computers and the Internet makes the spread of distance learning even easier and faster. The Internet has become a huge breakthrough, far larger than radio and television. There was an opportunity to communicate and receive feedback from any student, wherever he is. The spread of the "fast Internet" made it possible to use "on-line" seminars (webinars) for training.

2. Forms of distance learning

Distance learning, carried out using computer telecommunications, has the following forms of training. Chat classes – training sessions carried out using chat technologies. Chat sessions are held synchronously, that is, all participants have simultaneous access to the chat. Within the framework of many distance educational institutions, there is a chat school in which the activities of distance teachers and students are organized with the help of chat rooms.

Web-based classes – distance lessons, conferences, seminars, business games, laboratory work, workshops and other forms of training conducted using telecommunications and other features of the World Wide Web.

For web lessons, specialized educational web forums are used – the form of user work on a specific topic or problem with the help of entries left on one of the sites with the corresponding program installed on it. Web forums differ from chat classes by the possibility of longer (many days) work and the asynchronous nature of the interaction between students and teachers. Teleconferences are usually held on the basis of mailing lists using e-mail. Educational teleconferencing is characterized by the achievement of educational objectives. There are also forms of distance learning, in which educational materials are sent by mail to the regions. Such a system is based on a teaching method that is called "Natural Learning Manner". Distance learning is a democratic, simple and free learning system. It was invented in Great Britain [source not specified 588 days] and is now actively used by residents of Europe for additional education. The student, constantly completing practical tasks, acquires stable automated skills. Theoretical knowledge is acquired without additional effort, organically woven into training exercises. The formation of theoretical and practical skills is achieved in th

3. Integration of DL and other forms of education

As a rule, in the case of distance learning, students are not required to be in the classroom all the time. Most distance learning programs and courses still offer face-to-face classes on evenings or weekends. These classes are optional,…