Ағылшын тіліндегі тұрақты тіркестер және олардың дамуы

PHRASEOLOGICAL UNIT AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN ENGLISH

Every time, when meeting new and new idioms, you might be curious at least for a second: where did they come from? Indeed, behind every word there must be a story, therefore, every idiom must have its origin. Some of them were introduced into the language by writers, others find their beginning in the Bible, others came from other languages, such as French and Latin, for example. But whatever the history of their origin, I hope, after reading some of them, you look at the idioms with different eyes, and they do not seem more complicated or incomprehensible.

Table 2

Reasons for the emergence of 7 English idioms

English version

Russian variant

Causes of emergence

Hobson’s choice

Отсутствие выбора

On behalf of a certain Hobson, the owner of a paid stable at Cambridge in the 16th century, who obliged his clients to take only the horse closest to the exit.

Confusion worse confounded

Полный хаос

The expression was created by J. Milton in “Lost Paradise”.

Jam tomorrow

Обещанного 3 года ждут

The expression is created by L. Carroll: "The rule is, tomorrow night jam - but never never today".

Under the rose

По секрету

The rose is a symbol of silence in Ancient Rome

Baker’s dozen

Чертова дюжина

According to the old English custom, bread traders received from bakers, who were afraid of punishment for underweight, 13 bread instead of 12, and the 13th went to the income of the merchants.

Cut somebody off with a shilling

Лишить наследства

The testator left one shilling to be deprived of the inheritance as proof that the deprivation of the inheritance was deliberate.

Soap opera

Мыльная опера

Sentimental melodrama for housewives: many of these films were sponsored by soap production campaigns.

So, a large number of English phraseological units associated with ancient mythology, history and literature.

The following revolutions go back to ancient mythology:

"Cry wolf too often" - "Raise a false alarm." (from the fable of the shepherd, who amused himself by deceiving people by shouting "Wolf! Wolf!");

“An ass in a lion's skin” - “A donkey in a lion's skin” (pretend to be somebody);

“The mountain gave birth to a mouse” - used when talking about high hopes, but small results, about who promises a lot, but gives very little. (from Aesop's fable, known in the Fedra rework);