Британ, қазақ және орыс ырымдарын салыстырмалы талдау 8 сынып

ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫНЫҢ БІЛІМ ЖӘНЕ ҒЫЛЫМ МИНИСТРЛІГІ

ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫНЫҢ КІШІ ҒЫЛЫМ АКАДЕМИЯСЫ

«Жас ғалым» ғылыми жоба конференциясы

Тақырыбы:«Comparative analysis of British, Kazakh and Russian superstitions»

Секция:Ағылшын тілі пәні

Аты-жөні, сыныбы:Хамитова Аружан, 9 «А»

Оқу орны:«Абай атындағы №1 орта мектеп-гимназиясы» КММ

Жетекшісі:Турскелдиева Арай Мұратовна

Талдықорған қаласы, 2019жыл

Contents

Page

Introduction…………………………………………………………………….

CHAPTER 1. Common English superstitions………………………………..

History of occurrence ………………………………………..

Classification of superstitions………………………………..

Animals.................................................................

Natural phenomena……………………………...

Person’s action…………………………………..

Other signs of good luck………………………...

Some bad omens………………………………...

Wedding superstitions…………………………...

Flying superstitions……………………………...

CHAPTER 2. Superstitions of Russia………………………………………...

CHAPTER 3. Superstitions of Kazakhstan ………………………………….

CHAPTER 4. Similarities between Russian, Kazakh and English superstitions……..

CHAPTER 5.The differences between Russian, Kazakh and English superstitions....

CHAPTER 6.Superstitions of students………………………………………..

CHAPTER 7.Survey……………………………………………………………

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………

Resources………………………………………………………………………..

Introduction

The importance of the research is demonstrated clearly by predictable code of conduct. To begin with, despite all the modernization that has taken place, superstitions still exist in our society. Do many of you believe in folk omens? Will you turn off the road if you see there a black cat? Will you superstitiously knock on wood not to hoodoo? There are lots of such superstitions and the majorities of people continue to keep fingers crossed and look in the mirror when they come home. So, what is this stability connected with? We hope to trace superstitions to a common origin.

The problem of omens and superstitions causes many arguments because such themes like religion, psychology, cultural life of people, questions about fate are affected. Omens and superstitions play a very important role in society and it cannot be denied.

The second reason for doing this project is an interest in culture and traditions of other countries, particularly Great Britain. Knowledge of folklore, for example proverbs, omens, fairytales, folk songs and legends, helps to understand a country and its history.

THE AIM of our work is to investigate the most common superstitions in Britain and in Russia and Kazakhstan to prove that in the age of advanced technology and science people don`t believe in superstitions as they used to.

THE RELEVANCE of research

1. The theme is of great interest.

2. Education plays a very important role in modern society and extra knowledge about culture of some countries will be very useful.

3. Comparison of customs and superstitions helps to understand the cultures of these countries better.

OBJECT of study:the most well-known and commonly used signs and superstitions in the UK and Russia

TASKS of the study:

-To study the literature on the subject.

-To find out the origins of superstitions and their causes

-Create a list of common signs and superstitions

-Consider, compare and analyze superstition in two cultures - English and Russian

-Conduct survey

RESEARCH METHODS

Analytical

Comparison

Questionnaires

HYPOTESIS

-Superstitions do not play an important role in modern society due to the development of technology and knowledge of the modern world, comparison of superstitions England, Russia and Kazakhstan.

Common English superstitions

The definitions of «omen» and «superstition»

The question whether we should trust omens and superstitions or not worries many people. The definitions of «omen» and «superstition» will help to approach to the truth.

Omen \ō-mən\:

Something that is believed to be a sign or warning of something that will happen in the future. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

An event or phenomenon regarded as a portent of good or evil; a prophetic sign, an augury. (Oxford English Dictionary)

Something that is considered to be a sign of how a future event will take place.

(Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)

Superstition \ˌsü-pər-ˈsti-shən\:

A belief that certain events or things will bring good or bad luck. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

Excessively credulous belief in and reverence for the supernatural. (Oxford English Dictionary)

Belief that is not based on human reason or scientific knowledge, but is connected with old ideas about magic, etc. (Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)

The etymology of the word superstition

from Latin superstitio(n-), from super- 'over' + stare 'to stand’. It can be interpreted as "‘standing over a thing in amazement or awe.

History of occurrence

Where did the folk omens and superstition? History of omens and superstitions counts thousands of years and began in ancient times. People wanted to protect themselves and their families from different troubles and misfortunes at all times. They observed phenomena occurring around, looked for regularities and made conclusions. Thus, there are bad and good omens, there are various customs and rituals that help against unpleasant events.

Our ancestors have watched the world, nature and animals’ behavior for centuries. And they noticed connections between these events. That’s why the most reliable omens are omens about the weather, animals, birds and harvests.

Also, humans could not explain different events logically and tried to find answers in mysticism. People began to notice what happened to them after any event, trying to connect it to the influence of supernatural forces and they attempted to «reach an agreement» with them.

It is easy to notice that the origin of omens and superstition is based on the observation of ordinary life situations and correct conclusions. It is known that many superstitions have firmly settled in our lives, but some are ignored because of absurdity.

Superstition may have different origins, but all of them generated by fear of the unknown. Ancient people tried to explain the strange phenomenon for them with the help of signs and superstitions.

And to promote a European and native of the Tuareg tribe, believed in the miraculous power of talismans and fear the evil eye. All of this is passed on from generation to generation for centuries.

Classification of superstitions

Appearance take was usually associated with animal behavior. Generally, wildlife is more sensitive to what is happening in the nature of the change: swallows flying low before the rain, the abundance of mosquitoes promises to bring a lot of berries a year, and many others. Appearance will associated with animals, can often be explained logically. For example, swallows fly low, because below flying insects, which they eat. Insects, in turn, are omitted, because in the upper layers of the air increases the humidity of the approaching rain. Ancient people carefully observed the surrounding world, and the story will largely be based on natural phenomena. For example, bright red sunsets portend a winter severe cold, and in summer, conversely, the extreme heat. As a rule, folk omens associated with natural phenomena, have great accuracy, and many people trust them, not weather forecasters. The appearance will take, based on the natural phenomena associated with the accumulation of extensive experience observations, but the science often cannot explain these superstitions, despite their accuracy with the person's actions.The story will take associated with the actions of man are very dive

Superstitions of England

Animals

A large number of omens and superstitions are related with animals. Our ancestors kept livestock, poultry, so they came up with various beliefs. Also, people have always believed that animals have well-developed flair to the events that are to occur. Animals often helped people by suggesting them what should happen in the near future. Some signs warned humans of misfortune, and others approved decisive actions.

Lucky to meet a black cat. Black Cats are featured on many good luck greetings cards and birthday cards in England. «If a black cat crosses your path, you will have good luck».

One ancient British superstition holds that if a child rides on a bear’s back it will be protected from whooping-cough.

In some parts of the UK meeting two or three ravens together is considered really bad. One very English superstition concerns the tame ravens at the Tower of London. It is believed if they leave then the crown of England will be lost.

It is said to be bad luck if you see bats flying and hear their cries. In the middle ages it was believed that witches were closely connected with bats.

In some areas black rabbits are thought to host the souls of human beings. A common lucky charm is a rabbit’s foot, but not for the rabbit

Children who grew up in the UK say so: «Ladybird, fly to the sky, give me happy time». There is a theory that the ladybird - the mediator between God and man, so when we say that an introduction through a ladybug we are trying to ask for the happiness of God. Cuckoos begin to sing in the middle of April. It is said that at this time you need to keep the silver coin in hand - then the whole year will be happy.

Natural phenomena

Folk omens about natural phenomena depict wisdom of our ancestors, who watched the nature and made a set of rules, which have been passed to their descendants for many generations. Folk omens about natural phenomena comprise all significant natural phenomena that have an impact on harvests. People's lives depended on the quantity and quality of the crop. So, it was important to grow as much as possible. Signs, by which people lived in ancient times, describe almost all natural phenomena: rain, storm, sunset, wind, snow, clouds, etc.