Тұқым ағынын өлшейтін оптикалық сенсор туралы мақала

Research on an Optical Seed Flow Sensor with Integrated Wireless Interface

Kozhykov M.O., 1st year undergraduate,

Scientific supervisor - Candidate of Technical Sciences, senior lecturer

Nabiev Nabi Kozyevich

Kazakh Agrotechnical Research

University named after Saken Seifullin,

Astana

Abstract

The study focuses on the design and implementation of an advanced optical seed flow sensor integrated with a wireless communication interface. This innovation aims to enhance precision agriculture by providing real-time monitoring of seed flow rates, ensuring optimized sowing processes and higher crop yields. The paper explores the sensor’s architecture, functionality, and testing results, emphasizing its reliability, efficiency, and adaptability for various agricultural conditions. Comprehensive analysis and discussions on challenges, opportunities, and future enhancements are included, offering a scalable and sustainable solution for modern farming practices.

Introduction

Agriculture is the backbone of global food security, and advancements in precision farming technologies have revolutionized how we approach resource optimization and yield improvement. One of the critical processes in crop production is sowing, where uniform seed distribution is essential to achieving optimal plant growth and maximizing yield. Despite the availability of modern machinery, monitoring and controlling seed flow during the sowing process remain challenging due to environmental factors and the limitations of traditional monitoring systems.

Problem Statement

Traditional seed monitoring systems rely on mechanical or simple electronic sensors, which often lack the precision required for modern farming needs. These systems are prone to errors, especially in detecting irregularities in seed flow, leading to over-seeding, under-seeding, or skips. Such inefficiencies can result in wasted resources, reduced yields, and financial losses for farmers.

Objective

This research aims to develop a cutting-edge optical seed flow sensor with an integrated wireless interface. By leveraging optical technology for detection and wireless communication for real-time data transmission, the proposed system addresses the limitations of conventional monitoring solutions.

Optical sensors track the passage of seed material granules between sensitive elements and convert it into an electrical signal. This signal is amplified, filtered out and enters the BSD for further processing: - The DTF sensor is used in precision seeding drills and is designed to detect the passage of seed material (seeds and/or granules) from the sowing unit to the seeder coulter, to determine the

quantity of seed material flying through the coulter per unit of time . - The DPFS-32 sensor is optical, can be used on both pneumatic and tuk seeders, installed in a section of the seed line with a diameter of 31.5 – 33 mm.

Figure 1 – Optical DTF and DPFS sensors:

1 – working area; 2 – connection connector; 3 – mounting bracket

Monitor is a two–line information display device The LCD display. It is installed in the tractor cabin. All information display devices and control buttons are located on the front wall of the monitor. On the lower wall of the monitor there is a connector for connecting a communication cable with sensors and a connector for connecting a power cable. The LED indicator 1 indicates the presence of an emergency situation. The multifunctional display 2 displays the parameters of the operation of the sowing complex. The power level indicator 3 indicates the presence of voltage levels for diagnostics.

Figure 2 – MT-04 monitor: 1 – LED indicator; 2 – multifunction display; 3 –

selection/confirmation button; 4 – down button; 5 – up button; 6 -system setup button (menu); 7 – system on/off button; 8 – power level indicator

Scope

The sensor is designed for integration with modern sowing machinery and aims to provide accurate, real-time data on seed flow. Its modular and robust design ensures adaptability to various environmental conditions and compatibility with different agricultural setups.

Main Features of the Sensor