Ұлттық галерея 7 сыныпқа арналған таныстырылым

National Gallery

The National Gallery is an art museum on Trafalgar Square , London , United Kingdom . Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900 [a] . The gallery is an exempt charity , and a non-departmental public body of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport . [2] Its collection belongs to the public of the United Kingdom and entry to the main collection (though not some special exhibitions) is free of charge.

Unlike comparable art museums in continental Europe, the National Gallery was not formed by nationalising an existing royal or princely art collection. It came into being when the British government bought 38 paintings from the heirs of John Julius Angerstein , an insurance broker and patron of the arts, in 1824. After that initial purchase the Gallery was shaped mainly by its early directors, notably Sir Charles Lock Eastlake , and by private donations, which comprise two thirds of the collection. [3] The resulting collection is small in size, compared with many European national galleries, but encyclopaedic in scope; most major developments in Western painting "from Giotto to Cézanne " [4] are represented with important works. It used to be claimed that this was one of the few national galleries that had all its works on permanent exhibition, [5] but this is no longer the case.

The present building, the third to house the National Gallery, was designed by William Wilkins from 1832–8. Only the façade onto Trafalgar Square remains essentially unchanged from this time, as the building has been expanded piecemeal throughout its history. Wilkins's building was often criticised for its perceived aesthetic deficiencies and lack of space; the latter problem led to the establishment of the Tate Gallery for British art in 1897. The Sainsbury Wing, an extension to the west by Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown , is a notable example of Postmodernist architecture in Britain. The current Director of the National Gallery is Nicholas Penny .

Foundation and early history

The National Gallery opened to the public on 10 May 1824, housed in Angerstein's former townhouse on No. 100 Pall Mall . Angerstein's paintings were joined in 1826 by those from Beaumont's collection, and in 1831 by the Reverend William Holwell Carr 's bequest of 35 paintings. [12] Initially the Keeper of Paintings, William Seguier , bore the burden of managing the Gallery, but in July 1824 some of this responsibility fell to the newly formed board of trustees.

The National Gallery at Pall Mall was frequently overcrowded and hot and its diminutive size in comparison with the Louvre in Paris was the cause of national embarrassment. But Agar Ellis, now a trustee of the Gallery, appraised the site for being "in the very gangway of London"; this was seen as necessary for the Gallery to fulfil its social purpose. [13] Subsidence in No. 100 caused the Gallery to move briefly to No. 105 Pall Mall, which the novelist Anthony Trollope described as a "dingy, dull, narrow house, ill-adapted for the exhibition of the treasures it held". [13] This in turn had to be demolished for the opening of a road to Carlton House Terrace . [14]

In 1832 construction began on a new building by William Wilkins on the site of the King's Mews in Charing Cross , in an area that had been transformed over the 1820s into Trafalgar…