Оян, қазақ шығармасының мәдени-тарихи маңызы

Abstract

Literature is a reflection of a society's culture, traditions, and values. It provides a deeper understanding of the people and their way of life. Additionally the history of literature is not one-day process and it progresses several centuries, which constantly develops with its spiritual necessities. The early 20th century posed significant challenges for Kazakh society, which prioritized its survival in the historical sphere. Back then, the Soviet Empire's policy of colonization exerted tremendous pressure on the Kazakh people. This era did not witness the overpowering voice of the peasants from the khan's period, but the "zhyrau" genre, which was gaining popularity in order to awaken the people. During the colonial period, it was not easy to motivate people towards independence. Kazakh poets were compelled to express their ideas indirectly through metaphors, fables, and other techniques. One of the poets from the early 20th century, Mirzhakyp Dulatuly, described the social situation in the Kazakh steppe and sought to awaken and inspire people during times of material and spiritual pressure on the nation's fate. His first poem “Oyan, Qazaq” brought to the Kazakh literature a str

Key words: Kazakh literature, alash, genre, poet, culture.

Introduction

The Oyan Kazakh book is a significant literary work that holds great cultural and historical value, and it is essential to employ a rigorous and systematic research methodology to ensure the credibility and validity of the study. Oyan Kazakh is a literary masterpiece written by Mirzhakip Dulatuli, a renowned Kazakh writer. The book was first published in 1910 and has since then become a classic in Kazakh literature.

Open your eyes, awaken Kazakh and stand up.

Do not spend your youth in darkness.

The land is lost, religion is gone, and the situation is bad,

My Kazakh, there is no time to rest.

In the book's epigraph, the author portrays the challenging circumstances faced by the Kazakh nation. Throughout the text, he identifies four major issues that the nation confronts. The author's efforts to awaken the population are evident from his continuous emphasis on these problems. Nonetheless, due to Soviet censorship, the book was banned, and the author was exiled. This article will explore the ideas and civil principles of the "Oyan, Qazaq" collection.

Oyan Kazakh is a precious resource for the study of the culture and history of Kazakhstan, making it a work of both literary and academic importance. A key argument advanced in the Oyan Kazakh Book asserts that the Kazakh people possess a lengthy and intricate history that is often neglected or misconstrued. The book details the historical customs and traditions of the Kazakh people, illuminating their nomadic lifestyle, exclusive language and literature, and rich oral traditions. The book aims to challenge the idea that the Kazakh people have a homogenous culture that does not change. Furthermore, the Oyan Kazakh book aims to discuss the current issues that the Kazakh people face. These challenges include globalization, modernization, and the impact of Soviet rule on Kazakh society. Additionally, the book examines the current efforts to maintain and raise awareness of Kazakh culture despite external pressures. The book challenges the perception of the Kazakh people as mere recipients of history by emphasizing their agency and resilience in the face of adversity. The Oyan Kazakh book significantly contributes to our understanding of Kazakh culture and people overall. Through its ch

At the turn of the 20th century, the monarchy focused its attention on colonizing Kazakhstan, creating a new administrative system, and acquiring its natural resources. To strengthen the border, an array of fortresses was constructed. The proposed objective of the colonization policy was to settle Russian peasants throughout Kazakhstan, thereby enabling them to take control of the most fertile land and relocate the indigenous population to the infertile territories and deserts. This was another way of increasing the control over the local residents and taking out their spirituality by turning them to Russians. Kazakh people lost their fertile lands where passed generation to generations. In his essays and poems Mirzhakyp Dulatuly wrote about this problem and socio-economical, political conditions in the Kazakistan when under imperial administration. m (Dulatuly M.1991:47-49.) [17].

"The literary-historical process during the early 20th century was established as a necessary reality. In order to motivate the colonized nation, the national socio-political movement united with literary-spiritual powers. The "zar zaman" poets' and sal-seris' poems on spiritual independence and personal sorrow, as well as academics' works that attempted to introduce Kazakhs to the democracy of St. Petersburg were all part of this movement," explains D. Kamzabekuly. (Kamzabekuly, 2002).

Some intellectuals in the 20th century emerged as a result of progressive and capitalistic developments and the spread of academic pursuits.

Mirzhakyp Dulatuly was one of the poets, writers, publicists and political figures who led the nation to the academic way, enlightened its spirit and called for independence through his poem "Oyan Qazaq! Dulatuly, born in 1885 in Kyzbel village, Kostanay Oblast, received religious education from a mullah before attending the Torgay Russian-Kazakh School from 1897 to 1902. This school served as a platform for his learning and for him to become a valued member of society. Because of his affinity for knowledge, he fluently spoke Russian and studied Russian intellectuals. Consequently, he became the first to anticipate the impending threat.

He lost his mother at the age of two and his father when he was twelve, leading him to be raised by his brother Askhar. Throughout his life, he battled poverty, difficulties, cruelty, and inequality. (Nurgali, 2013).

He worked as a teacher for 67 years at the village school. During this time, he gained insight into the true social circumstances of the citizens. He also developed the ability to distinguish between ethical and unethical behavior, as well as the distinction between simply surviving and actively striving for the betterment of the nation.

It was the time of strengthening the king's power over the Kazakhs. These situations caused the Kazakh intelligentsia to fight for independence. Suddenly, complaints arouse in different places. The tactics of eliminating colonialism were discussed. The best solution for this problem was education. The nation’s political activity rose day by day which gave a birth to independence ideas against colonialism.

In 1904, Mirzhakyp arrived in Omby city, seeking a solution. There, he met Alikhan Bokeikhan, the leader of Alash, and Akhmet Baitursynuly, who was the instructor for all intelligentsia. Since then, they worked together as teacher and followers.

A prominent scientist, Professor Nurgali Rymgali, provides insights into the political career of Mirzhakyp Dulatuly. According to him, Mirzhakyp lived in Omby in 1904, Karkaraly in 1905, and Oral and Petersburg in 1906, taking active part in the revolutions. He stood at the forefront of the elites who demanded to halt the struggle against Islam and also drew attention to the land issue. Mirzhakyp was highly benevolent towards all Kazakhs, spreading love and friendship wherever he went. He also communicated with Tatar and Russian elites, including G.N. Potanin, A. Divayev, Professor A. Krymskii, and Academic V.A. Gordelevskii. (Nurgali, 2013).

Mirzhakyp gained popularity among Kazakhs and Russian Turks due to his book "Oyan Qazaq!" which was first published in 1910 in Ufa and republished in 1911 in Orenburg. The book primarily consists of poems advocating for independence. According to historian and scientist Mambet Koigeldiyev, "Oyan Qazaq!" was beloved by all ethnic groups residing in the Kazakh land at the turn of the 20th century. However, this book faced severe persecution in Kazakh literature. The government of the King collected both publications and banned their reading. The author was imprisoned in Semey in 1911 and remained there for 19 months. In his works, Galiyev I.Z. researched various archival documents on Mirzhakyp's exile, explaining that "after a while, censorship began to scrutinize his ideal direction." The issues were raised by the initiation of Smirnov A., a censor in Kazan at that time. He also opposed M. Dulatuly's initial publishing of "Oyan Qazaq!". The leaders devoted excessive attention to censoring the Kazakh book. (Galiyev V.Z. 2013).

Mirzhakyp wrote an article in Volume 233 in 1917 on the topic "Oyan Qazaq." The previous government believed that my book, "Oyan Qazaq!", which was popular among students, was a source of enlightenment, and therefore they feared it. In 1911, I was imprisoned for one and a half years. The government ruled that my book should not be made available to the public. (Dulatuly M. 1913).

In actuality, the old government was afraid of the influence this book might have on the people. people, leading to the disapproval of the Russian Kingdom government. Surprisingly, despite this, there was still considerable demand for the book among the public. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that the Kazakh intelligentsia had an affinity for “Oyan, Qazaq!” This sentiment was shared by members of the religious community who enjoyed it so much that churches and mullahs distributed numerous copies of the book. The book's themes were highly significant during the time of its publication. Professor Mambet Koigeldiyev reports that the author was persecuted by the government and that…