Шет тілін оқытудағы заманауи ынталандыру әдістері

The modern ways to motivate secondary school learners

Kassainova A.

Key words: influential factors, motivation, secondary school

Annotation

Increasing motivation in English language acquisition in secondary school has been significant part in the system of modern education, nowadays views on increasing motivation has become crucial in terms of modern schools.

There is a number of popular different methods and techniques of increasing motivation directed to improve fundamental skills second language acquisition, and they are, undoubtedly, unique. They are implementing and functioning in their own way. However, there is an objective need for their development. Motivation as the basis of the educational process should be thoroughly used and should work efficiently and objectively as possible.

Introduction

The formation of learning motivation at the school age can be considered as one of the central and fundamental issues of the modern school. Throughout many years the problem of motivation becomes the subject of researches. Motivation is one of influential factors in learning that drives learners to reach their goals and can become a stimulus in learning process. Motivation is effective only when it gives a mental set toward learning. The first step in motivating students is to understand the basic needs that drive motivation. The teaching approach that is made a part of the regular teaching procedure often serves as the most effective form of motivation.

In recent years, the issue of the application of modern technologies in secondary school is becoming increasingly significant. The main goal is to show how the modern ways of motivation can be used effectively in order to maintain the quality of teaching process, the formation and development of students’ communicative culture and practical mastery of a foreign language. The teacher's tasks are to create the conditions for practical language learning for each student, to choose such methods of teaching that would enable every student to show their activity and creativity, to increase students' cognitive activity in learning. The use of modern tools such as computer programs, Internet-based technologies, as well as cooperative learning and project technologies can give an opportunity to reduce these challenges.

Ellis in the research on motivation asserted that motivation affects the extent to which language learners persevere in learning, what kinds of behavior they exert, and their actual achievement [1, 37]. Wlodwoski explained motivation as “the processes that can arouse and instigate behavior, give direction or purpose to behavior, continue to allow behavior to persist, and lead to choosing or preferring a particular behavior” [2, 49]. Setting goals at a secondary school age is characterized by the fact that the student is ready to accept tasks, given by the teacher. The weakness of the goal formation process of that age is expressed by the lack of attention in the classroom. High or low student motivation can be influenced by external factors and internal factors. The external factors include the students’ social life, the teacher, the method and learning environment. The view of language learning in a society will influence the students’ attitude to the language being studied, and the nature and the strength of this attitude will have profound effect on the degree of motivation the student brings to class. Second, it is influenced by the teacher. Third, it is influenced by the metho

The peculiarities of motivation should always be taken into consideration. Some students are highly motivated and take great pleasure in their own success. Others are highly competitive and enjoy gaining greater success than their classmates.

First of all, for promoting motivation, teacher should create the basic motivational conditions in order to get students involved in the classroom. If teacher creates his own motivational conditions, it will be more inferable to achieve the given aim. So, the first basic condition is the teacher’s behavior. Sometimes it can affect on students’ engagement negatively. Therefore, it is necessary to create class atmosphere based on respect and mutual trust. Teachers can present their respect through communicating with each student on a personal level. It should be taken into consideration that students sometimes want to learn a particular subject because of the teacher.

The next motivational condition is classroom atmosphere. Students’ fear and worry are most recognized factors which lead to inefficiency. Classroom environment is significant for students, as there are some students who can express their opinion only in safe conditions. They need to feel protected and safe from embarrassment.

The other basic condition for keeping students motivated is concerned with creating a cohesive learner group with convenient group forms. Cohesiveness plays a crucial role among students, as it gives an opportunity to reach purpose in learning process. Creating an uncooperative groups lead to ineffective results. When teacher divides students in groups, he must take into consideration their relationship. Students’ ability to carry out given tasks mostly depends on confidence. If they are surrounded by classmates, who always ready to help, these contribute to motivate students.

General positive attitude of the child to school, the extension of his interests, curiosity are considered as the favorable characteristics of the motivation. The breadth of interest is showed in creative games, especially heroic scenes, scenes from books, movies. Their belief in the teacher’s authority and the willingness to carry out any tasks considered as positive conditions of learners for development of wide social motives of responsibility and understanding.

The motivation of young learners has a number of negative characteristics that impede learning. Thus, the students’ interests are weak, unstable, and quickly may fade without teacher’s support. By the end of primary school students sometimes may not have the will to overcome difficulties in the educational process.

Motivation of achieving success is related to positive motivation. Students with such kind of motivation are always in the process of achieving something positive. On the basis of human activity lies the hope for the achievement. Such students are confident in their abilities, responsibility, usually initiative and active. They are characterized by persistence in achieving goals. Motivation of preventing failure refers to negative motivation. In this type of motivation the human activity is associated with the avoiding of breakdown, blame, punishment and failure. In general, on the basis of this motivation lies the idea of avoiding negative expectations. Starting doing something, this kind of people are afraid of a possible failure in advance, think about the ways of avoiding this hypothetical failure, instead of thinking about how to achieve success. Students are motivated to prevent failure, usually characterized by high anxiety, low self-confidence in their abilities and try to avoid responsible tasks. Specifically, 5th grade students reported higher scores on all sets of questionnaire in comparison with 6th and 7th grade students. Among young learners at first time prevails the

Students who have this type of motivation are active and responsible. If there are obstacles they looking for ways to overcome it. The productivity of work and the extent of their activity are less depends on the external control. They differ from other students with persistence in achieving the goal. They prefer to take achievable obligations and set realistic achievable goals. Typically, these qualities provide a total success. However, we can perceive that grade by grade students’ interest will reduce, as a result the motivation of achieving success is replaced by the motivation of preventing failure. The students of the 5th grade are active, during lesson try to gain more information, carry out all the given tasks. Also they pay more attention to the implementation of their purpose. However, in every class have some students, which are unmotivated. In this case we should provide them feedback designed to improve performance.

According to this analysis we defined that young learners have positive motivation, as at these ages they tend to experiment something new, ready to discover new things and gain knowledge with high ambitions. However, it will be hard for them to keep the interest to study. Because when students get mature their interests periodically changes. The reason can be determined by multifarious factors. Therefore, it is necessary to motivate them. In order to improve students’ interest to learning process we should consider all the effective ways of teaching[3,51].

The next step is to identify the most existing motivational levels among students. There are five levels of learning motivation:

The first level – is a high level of school motivation, educational activity. These children have cognitive motive, the desire to more successfully fulfill all requirements imposed at school. Students clearly follow all the teacher’s instructions and become upset if get poor marks.

The second level –is a good school motivation. Students successfully cope with the difficulties in learning process. This level of motivation is the average norm.