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Пәні: Кәсіби шет тілі

Тақырыбы: Diet

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Топ: : Е-22-1, ФР-22-1, М-22-1, М-22-2, М-23у-1, ФМ-23у-1

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І. Сабақтың тақырыбы: Diet

ІІ. Сабақтың мақсаттары: Диета мен оның түрлері және дұрыс тамақтану туралы терең түсінік беру.

Сабақтың көрнекі құралдары: Суреттер, тақырыпқа байланысты презентация

Оқыту тәсілі: Мұғалімнің ауызша түсіндіруі, дәріс оқу, жаттығулар орындау

Пәнаралық байланыс: Медицина, анатомия, физиология

ІІІ. Сабақтың барысы мен мазмұны:

1. Ұйымдастыру кезеңі: 3 мин. (сәлемдесу, түгелдеу, студенттердің зейінін сабаққа аудару)

2. Үй тапсырмасын тексеру: 12 мин.

Making poster about poliomyelitis

3. Жаңа сабақты түсіндіру: 12 мин.

Diet and nutrition are fundamental in maintaining the general and oral health of populations. Diet refers to the total amount of food consumed by individuals; whereas nutrition is the process of utilising food for growth, metabolism and repair of tissues. The relationship between diet and nutrition and health is 2-way; health status can be affected by nutrient deficiency and vice versa. Dietary guidelines have been developed to provide evidence-based food and beverage recommendations for populations; aiming to promote a diet that meets the nutrient requirement, and to prevent diet-related diseases such as dental caries and obesity. Based on the amount required by the human body for normal metabolism, growth and physical well-being, nutrients are divided into 2 categories: macronutrients consisting of proteins, carbohydrates and fat; and micronutrients consisting of vitamins and minerals. Fats are the most energy-dense macronutrient; whereas carbohydrates are quantitatively the most important dietary energy source for most populations. Proteins are vital structural and functional components within every cell of the body and are essential for growth and repair and maintenance of heal

A healthy diet comprises a combination of different foods. These include:

Staples like cereals (wheat, barley, rye, maize or rice) or starchy tubers or roots (potato, yam, taro or cassava).

Legumes (lentils and beans).

Fruit and vegetables.

Foods from animal sources (meat, fish, eggs and milk).

Here is some useful information, based on WHO recommendations, to follow a healthy diet, and the benefits of doing so:

Eat plenty of vegetables and fruit:

They are important sources of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, plant protein and antioxidants.

People with diets rich in vegetables and fruit have a significantly lower risk of obesity, heart disease, stroke, diabetes and certain types of cancer.

Eat less fat:

Fats and oils and concentrated sources of energy. Eating too much, particularly the wrong kinds of fat, like saturated and industrially-produced trans-fat, can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Using unsaturated vegetable oils (olive, soy, sunflower or corn oil) rather than animal fats or oils high in saturated fats (butter, ghee, lard, coconut and palm oil) will help consume healthier fats.

To avoid unhealthy weight gain, consumption of total fat should not exceed 30% of a person's overall energy intake.

Limit intake of sugars:

For a healthy diet, sugars should represent less than 10% of your total energy intake. Reducing even further to under 5% has additional health benefits.

Choosing fresh fruits instead of sweet snacks such as cookies, cakes and chocolate helps reduce consumption of sugars.

Limiting intake of soft drinks, soda and other drinks high in sugars (fruit juices, cordials and syrups, flavored milks and yogurt drinks) also helps reduce intake of sugars.

Reduce salt intake:

Keeping your salt intake to less than 5h per day helps prevent hypertension and reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke in the adult population.

Limiting the amount of salt and high-sodium condiments (soy sauce and fish sauce) when cooking and preparing foods helps reduce salt intake.

A healthy diet is a diet that maintains or improves overall health. A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid, macronutrients such as protein, micronutrients such as vitamins, and adequate fiber and food energy. A healthy diet may contain fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and may include little to no ultra-processed foods or sweetened beverages. The requirements for a healthy diet can be met from a variety of plant-based and animal-based foods, although additional sources of vitamin B12 are needed for those following a vegan diet.[4] Various nutrition guides are published by medical and governmental institutions to educate individuals on what they should be eating to be healthy. Nutrition facts labels are also mandatory in some countries to allow consumers to choose between foods based on the components relevant to health.

The World Health Organization (WHO) makes the following five recommendations with respect to both populations and individuals:

1.Maintain a healthy weight by eating roughly the same number of calories that your body is using.

2.Limit intake of fats to no more than 30% of total caloric intake, preferring unsaturated fats to saturated fats. Avoid trans fats.

3.Eat at least 400 grams of fruits and vegetables per day (not counting potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava, and other starchy roots). A healthy diet also contains legumes (e.g. lentils, beans), whole grains, and nuts.[8]

4.Limit the intake of simple sugars to less than 10% of caloric intake (below 5% of calories or 25 grams may be even better).

5.Limit salt/sodium from all sources and ensure that salt is iodized. Less than 5 grams of salt per day can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.