Есімдіктер мен зат есімнің көпше түрі конспект

Pronouns are words we use in the place of a full noun.

We have both subject and object pronouns:

Subject

Object

I

me

you

he

him

she

her

it

we

us

you

they

them

We use he/him to refer to men, and she/her to refer to women. When we are not sure if we are talking about a man or a woman we use they/them.

This is Jack. He’s my brother. I don’t think you have met him.This is Angela. She’s my sister. Have you met her before?Talk to a friend. Ask them to help you.You could go to a doctor. They might help you.

Subject pronouns

We use subject pronouns as subject of the verb:

I like your dress.You are late.He is my friendIt is rainingShe is on holidayWe live in England.They come from London.

Warning

Remember: English clauses always have a subject:

His father has just retired. Was a teacher. > He was a teacher.I’m waiting for my wife. Is late. > She is late.

If there is no other subject we use it or there. We call this a dummy subject.

Object pronouns

We use object pronouns:

• as the object of the verb:

Can you help me please?I can see you.She doesn’t like him.I saw her in town today.We saw them in town yesterday, but they didn’t see us.

• after prepositions:

She is waiting for me.I’ll get it for you.Give it to him.Why are you looking at her?Don’t take it from us.I’ll speak to them.

Possessive Pronouns

Definition

A possessive pronoun is a part of speech that attributes ownership to someone or something. Like any other pronoun, it substitutes a noun phrase and can prevent its repetition. For example, in the phrase, "These glasses are mine, not yours", the words "mine" and "yours" are possessive pronouns and stand for "my glasses" and "your glasses," respectively.

Examples

This is our house. It's ours.This is my bedroom. It's mine.This is my brother's bike. It's his.

Subject Pronouns

I

you

he

she

it

we

you

they

Possessive

Adjectives

my

your

his

her

its

our

your

their

Pronouns

mine

yours

his

hers

its

ours

yours

theirs

The words "mine, yours, his, hers, its , ours, theirs" are possessive pronouns. They show who or what something belongs to.

Note

1. A possessive pronoun differs from a possessive adjective.

Examples:

What color is your brother's jacket?His jacket is black.(your and his are possessive adjectives; your and his modify the noun jacket in both examples)

What color is yours?Mine is blue.(yours and mine are possessive pronouns - yours functions as a subject complement in the first example; mine functions as a subject in the second example)

2. "It's" is not a possessive pronoun or adjective; it is a contraction of it is or it has.

Example:

It's not my book = it is not my book

It's got five bedrooms = it has got five bedrooms

Plurals of nouns

Most nouns make their plurals by simply adding –s to the end (e.g. cat/cats, book/books, journey/journeys). Some do change their endings, though. The main types of noun that do this are:

Nouns ending in -y

If the noun ends with a consonant plus -y, make the plural by changing -y to -ies:

singular

plural

berry

berries

activity

activities

daisy

daisies

If the noun ends with -ch, -s, -sh, -x, or -z, add -es to form the plural:

singular

plural

church

churches

bus

buses

fox

foxes

There’s one exception to this rule. If the -ch ending is pronounced with a ‘k’ sound, you add -srather than -es:

singular

plural

stomach

stomachs

epoch

epochs

Nouns ending in -f or -fe

With nouns that end in a consonant or a single vowel plus -f or -fe, change the -f or -fe to -ves:

singular

plural

knife

knives

half

halves

scarf

scarves